Ayat means: 

(i) solar eclipse;

(ii) lunar eclipse, although it may be partially eclipsed and even though it may not create fear among the people;

(iii) earthquake, although it may not create fear for anyone:

(iv) thunder, lightning. red and black winds or storms, and the like which create ‘fear among most people.

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Who has to do it?

The person who lives in the same country where it happens.

Every person who knows about the Eclipse and did not do it , he/she has to do it as “Kadaa”. , then if it was total Eclipse :

If he does not know until the Eclipse finishes He has to do Kadaa.

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Its time limit:

Eclipses: Has to be done during the Eclipse time, and before it finishes.

Earthquake: Directly after it occurs. If it was delayed for some reason, he has to do it after, and cannot leave it

1. The Salatal-Ayat consists of two raka’at (However there are five ruku’ in each raka’at.)
2. After Niyyah for the prayer and while saying takbirat alihram (Allah Akbar)
3. While standing, recite the First Surah (Surah al Hamd) and any other complete another complete surah i.e: (Surah al Kausar).
4. Perform your Ruku
5. Go back to standing position and repeat step 3 and 4 above (until you have completed it 5 times)

See below for step-by-step instructions.

He/She must then perform ruku and this procedure as shown below should be performed five times prior to performing sujood/prostration.

Recite Surat al-Hamd and another surah and perform ruku’

say: “SUBHAN ALLAH” (3 times)

The above two position is considered as completing a single Ruku

Continue on …

Again, recite Surat al-Hamd and another surah and perform ruku’

say: “SUBHAN ALLAH” (3 times)

Second Ruku Completed

Again, recite Surat al-Hamd and another surah and perform ruku’

say: “SUBHAN ALLAH” (3 times)

Third Ruku Completed

Again, recite Surat al-Hamd and another surah and perform ruku’

say: “SUBHAN ALLAH” (3 times)

Fourth Ruku Completed

Again, recite Surat al-Hamd and another surah and perform ruku’

say: “SUBHAN ALLAH” (3 times)

Fifth Ruku Completed

At this point, the first raka’at is completed.  – Total of 5

Now Perform Sujood (as you would in a normal obligatory prayer)

He/She should then stand erect and perform the second (final) rak’ah exactly as the first one.

Recite Surat al-Hamd and another surah and perform ruku’

say: “SUBHAN ALLAH” (3 times)

First Ruku Completed

Again, recite Surat al-Hamd and another surah and perform ruku’

say: “SUBHAN ALLAH” (3 times)

Second Ruku Completed

Again, recite Surat al-Hamd and another surah and perform ruku’

say: “SUBHAN ALLAH” (3 times)

Third Ruku Completed

Again, recite Surat al-Hamd and another surah and perform ruku’

say: “SUBHAN ALLAH” (3 times)

Fourth Ruku Completed

Again, recite Surat al-Hamd and another surah and perform ruku’

say: “SUBHAN ALLAH” (3 times)

Fifth Ruku Completed

At this point, the second (Final) rak’ah is completed.

Salat al-Ayat is complete after the recitation of Tashahhud and Tasleem